Control handling of HTTP errors

req_perform() will automatically convert HTTP errors (i.e. any 4xx or 5xx status code) into R errors. Use req_error() to either override the defaults, or extract additional information from the response that would be useful to expose to the user.

Usage

req_error(req, is_error = NULL, body = NULL)

Arguments

req

A request.

is_error

A predicate function that takes a single argument (the response) and returns TRUE or FALSE indicating whether or not an R error should signalled.

body

A callback function that takes a single argument (the response) and returns a character vector of additional information to include in the body of the error. This vector is passed along to the message argument of rlang::abort() so you can use any formatting that it supports.

Value

A modified HTTP request.

Error handling

req_perform() is designed to succeed if and only if you get a valid HTTP response. There are two ways a request can fail:

• The HTTP request might fail, for example if the connection is dropped or the server doesn't exist. This type of error will have class c("httr2_failure", "httr2_error").

• The HTTP request might succeed, but return an HTTP status code that represents a error, e.g. a 404 Not Found if the specified resource is not found. This type of error will have (e.g.) class c("httr2_http_404", "httr2_http", "httr2_error").

These error classes are designed to be used in conjunction with R's condition handling tools (https://adv-r.hadley.nz/conditions.html). For example, if you want to return a default value when the server returns a 404, use tryCatch():

tryCatch(
  req |> req_perform() |> resp_body_json(),
  httr2_http_404 = function(cnd) NULL
)

Or if you want to re-throw the error with some additional context, use withCallingHandlers(), e.g.:

withCallingHandlers(
  req |> req_perform() |> resp_body_json(),
  httr2_http_404 = function(cnd) {
    rlang::abort("Couldn't find user", parent = cnd)
  }
)

Learn more about error chaining at rlang::topic-error-chaining.

See also

req_retry() to control when errors are automatically retried.

Examples

# Performing this request usually generates an error because httr2
# converts HTTP errors into R errors:
req <- request(example_url()) |>
  req_url_path("/status/404")
try(req |> req_perform())
#> Error in req_perform(req) : HTTP 404 Not Found.
# You can still retrieve it with last_response()
last_response()
#> <httr2_response>
#> GET http://127.0.0.1:35453/status/404
#> Status: 404 Not Found
#> Content-Type: text/plain
#> Body: None

# But you might want to suppress this behaviour:
resp <- req |>
  req_error(is_error = \(resp) FALSE) |>
  req_perform()
resp
#> <httr2_response>
#> GET http://127.0.0.1:35453/status/404
#> Status: 404 Not Found
#> Content-Type: text/plain
#> Body: None

# Or perhaps you're working with a server that routinely uses the
# wrong HTTP error codes only 500s are really errors
request("http://example.com") |>
  req_error(is_error = \(resp) resp_status(resp) == 500)
#> <httr2_request>
#> GET http://example.com
#> Body: empty
#> Policies:
#> • error_is_error: a function

# Most typically you'll use req_error() to add additional information
# extracted from the response body (or sometimes header):
error_body <- function(resp) {
  resp_body_json(resp)$error
}
request("http://example.com") |>
  req_error(body = error_body)
#> <httr2_request>
#> GET http://example.com
#> Body: empty
#> Policies:
#> • error_body: a function
# Learn more in https://httr2.r-lib.org/articles/wrapping-apis.html